The donation of food aid to African countries may have the unintended consequence of _ when it occurs in non-emergency situations
Africa's trading history was also linked with the expansion of _
Trade negotiations are opportunities for countries to _ for concessions from one another
Decisions at the WTO are made by _
According to Fig. 13.1, Africa's global trade has _ in the post-colonial years
Free Trade argues governments should not erect _ that restrict exchange of goods across state boundaries
Trade with Europeans often involved _ arrangements with Africans
Domestic constraints on development in African countries would include underdeveloped _
R & D assistance for African trade & development issues can come from the _ community
Developing countries want to see _ placed at the top of the WTO agenda
The Asian experience in development was successful in part because those implementing policy were highly qualified _
The idea of _ advantage suggests that efficiency & welfare are maximized by specialization in sectors where you have a relative advantage
Temporary _ may be needed to support growth of new industry in a developing country
Taxes on goods when they arrive at a border are called _
Down
TRIPS refers to the protection of intellectual property such as _
The GATS refers to agreement on trade & _
According to the _ economic model, higher levels of trade bring with it higher levels of growth
The US & EU both employ _, especially in their agricultural sectors
The EU's EBA is an example of a _ preference that favors African countries
Import _ was a form of trade intervention that used unfree trade as development policy
Specified amounts of goods that can enter a country from a specific region or country are called _
A short-coming of the WTO with respect to Africa , is that African states cannot participate in the _-setting rounds of negotiations
One of the most important trading centers in Africa, which saw the exchange of gold & salt was _
African countries generally have _ constraints when it comes to negotiation & implementation at the WTO
It is apparent from Fig. 13.2 that global _ prices rose dramatically in 2004
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