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7.2 Animal Science Vocab

Across
Swine EPD that estimates genetic contribution to sow milk production measured by litter weight at 21 days of age.
Beef EPD that estimates genetic contribution to growth on calf weaning weight of offspring.
A group of animals that are of the same breed and sex and have been raised in the same management group; e.g., same location in the same feed and pasture. Individual animals can then be accurately compared to others in the group.
The offspring of animals or plants.
Proportion of times a given genotype occurs or can occur.
Estimate difference in offspring performance for quantitative traits (EPD).
Beef EPD that estimates genetic contribution from a cow’s milk production on calf weaning weight of offspring.
Traits having a sharp distinction between phenotypes, and which are usually controlled by only a few genes; e.g., various coat colors and the horned trait in domestic animals.
Swine EPD that estimates genetic contribution to BACK FAT measurement of offspring.
Designating animals that normally do not develop horns.
Beef EPD that estimates genetic contribution to growth on yearling weight of offspring.
Non-genetic factors that influence quantitative genetic trait expression.
An EPD of the mean value of all animals in a given breed for a selected trait.
Down
EPDs of an animal that are near to or above breed average for all listed traits.
Performance of an animal compared with its contemporaries with 100 being average. Ratios greater than 100 are above average, and less than 100 are below average.
A gene that can cause the death of an individual when it is allowed to express itself.
Pairing of genes where one gene completely masks the other’s existence.
The proportion of the differences among animals, measured or observed, that is transmitted to the offspring. Heritability varies from zero to one. The higher the heritability of a trait, the more accurately does the individual performance predict breeding value and the more rapid should be the response due to selection for that trait.
Traits that do not have a sharp distinction between phenotypes, and usually require some kind of measuring tools to make the distinctions. These traits are normally controlled by many pairs of genes; e.g., growth rate, milk production, and carcass quality.
The likelihood or chance that a given event will occur.
Study of exact genes that control quantitative genetic traits.
Number that expresses both genetic and economic factors to select animals for economic merit.
Swine EPD that estimates genetic contribution to litter size of offspring.
Any observable feature or characteristic of an animal.
Swine EPD that estimates genetic contribution to growth rate of offspring.
A system for comparing animals within a herd, or area, based on the average of the group; usually the figure 100 is used for an average index; animals receiving an index of 100 or over are the top end while those indexing less than 100 are the bottom end.
Beef EPD that estimates genetic contribution to BIRTH WEIGHT of offspring.