___ welfare agencies are responsible for promoting the general welfare of the people, often includes providing services or cash distributions to persons who qualify for assistance.
___ ___ are responsible for prescribing or requiring certain behavior, determining compliance with the law, and prosecuting and occasionally punishing those who violate the law.
In NFIB v. Sebelius, 567 U.S. (2012), the US Supreme Court held that the Affordable Care Act's requirement that individuals pay a financial penalty for not obtaining health insurance is a ___ and therefore a permissible exercise of Congress's authority to "lay and collect taxes ... to provide for the ... general Welfare of the United States."
Increasing interdependence between people, growing expectations of the public for more regulation, growing expectations that the government will provide services and benefits, and increasing mobility of people, have all contributed to the expansion of the number and authority of administrative agencies.
The ___ doctrine instructs that courts generally defer to agencies in the interpretation of statutes that govern them, where Congress has delegated rulemaking authority and the agency interpretation arises in the exercise of that authority.
In the administrative law context, ___ refers to an agency's authority, in performance of its duties, to choose between two or more actions with few limitations.
___ ___ agencies are not involved with the redistribution of money nor do they regulate, instead they provide services to the public. The national science foundation is an example. It promotes research and provides information to the public.
An __ opinion is an opinion issued by an agency, upon request, that offers the agency's interpretation of law or asserts the agency's policy, practices or procedures.
An intergovernmental model that describes a relationship between the federal government and state governments that is characterized by close, collaborative relations and a common objective, and a lessened focus on legal jurisdictional boundaries.
The ___ clause is a provision in Article I, section 8, clause 3 of the federal Constitution. It provides that Congress has the power to regulate interstate commerce, commerce with foreign nations, and commerce with Indian tribes.
ADMINISTRATIVE ___ is a body of law that defines the powers, limitations, and procedures of administrative agencies.
The ___ clause found in Article VI of the federal Constitution provides that properly enacted federal laws are superior to all state and local laws.
An __ agency is an administrative agency that is to some degree independent of the president. Various degrees of independence exist; a common arrangement is to limit the presidential power of removal of the agency heads to good cause. Often led by a group of individuals called a board or a commission.
___ governments have exclusive power over, among other things, police and fire protection, providing education, and most professional licensing.
___ exercises control over federal agencies in that it has the power to create, disband, and reorganize agencies; it establishes agency budgets; it sets agency policy objectives and governing rules; it engages in oversight through committees; it can reverse or amend agency-created rules and administrative decisions; and it must approve appointment of agency officers.
The necessary and ___ clause is a provision in Article I, section 8, clause 18 of the federal Constitution. It provides that Congress may enact all laws necessary and ___ to carry out Congress's other enumerated powers.
A declaratory ___ is the administrative equivalent of a judicial declaratory judgment. An agency may issue a declaratory __ to terminate a controversy or remove uncertainty.
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